Articles in skin conditions and diseases: Acne  Actinic keratosis Albinism Basal cell nevus syndrome Bathing trunk nevus Birthmarks Cherry angioma Seborrheic keratosis Cutaneous skin tags Dermatitis Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Erythrasma Hives Ingrown toenails Keloid Keratosis pilaris Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome Leprosy Livedo reticularis Moles Mongolian blue spots Psoriasis Polymorphic light eruption Port wine stain Pyogenic granuloma Rosacea Scabies Scleroderma Sebaceous cysts Shingles Skin lesions Skin lesion of histoplasmosis Skin lesion of coccidioidomycosis Skin tags Smallpox Spider angioma Spider veins Superficial thrombophlebitis Tinea versicolor Urticaria pigmentosa Varicose veins Vitiligo Wegener's granulomatosis Xanthelasma and xanthoma |
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What causes smallpox?
Smallpox is caused by variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 days (range: 7 to 17 days) following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and backaches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled and begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks. The majority of patients with smallpox recover, but death occurs in up to 30% of cases.
Anyone exposed to the smallpox virus may get smallpox. Even people who have been vaccinated for smallpox might become ill, because the duration of protection given by the smallpox vaccine is not fully understood. The smallpox virus can be easily spread from one person to another after coming into close (within 6 feet) contact with a person who has smallpox. The virus is often contained in the saliva droplets of a person with smallpox. |
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More information on smallpox
What is smallpox? - Smallpox is a highly contagious disease unique to humans caused by two virus variants called Variola major and Variola minor.
What are the symptoms of smallpox? - The initial symptoms of smallpox include the acute onset of fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting and severe muscle aches.
How is smallpox spread? - Smallpox is most often spread by the respiratory secretions of people with smallpox to people who have close face to face contact.
What causes smallpox? - Smallpox is caused by variola virus. Anyone exposed to the smallpox virus may get smallpox.
What's the treatment for smallpox? - There is currently no cure for smallpox - although the vaccine can sometimes help those recently exposed.
How can smallpox be prevented? - There is a vaccine to prevent smallpox. Getting smallpox vaccine before exposure will protect about 95 percent of people from getting smallpox.
What is smallpox vaccine? - Smallpox vaccine contains live vaccinia virus, a virus in the orthopoxvirus family and closely related to variola virus, the agent that causes smallpox. |
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